SECTION I: Fourth Amendment Basics
#1 The Fourth Amendment — Overview
#2 The Fourth Amendment — Explanation
SECTION II: Courts and Jurisdictions
#3 Trial Courts
#4 Appellate Courts
#5 State Appellate Courts
#6 State Supreme Courts
#7 Courts of Appeals
#8 U.S. Supreme Court (SCOTUS)
SECTION III: Words, Phrases, and Concepts
#9 Articulable
#10 Mandatory and Persuasive Authority
#11 Precedent
#12 Case Law
#13 Opinions
#14 Subjective Versus Objective
#15 Bright-line Rule
#16 Balancing Test
#17 Particularity
#18 Reasonableness
#19 Objectively Reasonable — Standard
#20 Totality of the Circumstances
#21 Expectation of Privacy
#22 Searches
#23 Seizures
#24 Arrest
#25 Reasonable Suspicion
#26 Probable Cause — An Explanation
#27 Probable Cause to Arrest
#28 Probable Cause to Search
#29 Exclusionary Rule
#30 Fruit of the Poisonous Tree
#31 Attenuation Doctrine
#32 Curtilage
SECTION IV: Search Warrants and Court Orders
#33 Court Orders and Subpoenas
#34 Search Warrant Affidavits
#35 Search Warrants
#36 Franks Hearing and Motion to Suppress
SECTION V: Other Warrant Types
#37 Administrative Warrants
#38 Anticipatory Warrants
#39 Arrest Warrants
#40 Sneak and Peek Warrants
SECTION VI: Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement
#41 Search Warrant Exceptions — Defined
#42 Abandonment
#43 Administrative
#44 Border Search
#45 Community Caretaking
#46 Consent/Consent Once Removed
#47 Emergency Aid/Exigent Circumstances
#48 Police Created Exigent Circumstances
#49 Hot and Fresh Pursuit
#50 Moving Vehicle Doctrine
#51 Open Fields
#52 Parole/Probation
#53 Plain View
#54 Plain Hearing
#55 Plain Smell
#56 Plain Feel/Plain Touch
#57 Plain Taste
#58 Shape of an Object
#59 Protective Sweeps
#60 Search Incident to a Lawful Arrest
#61 Special Needs
#62 Stop and Frisk (Terry Stop)
#63 Inventory Searches
#64 Independent Source
#65 Inevitable Discovery
#66 Good-Faith Exception
SECTION VII: Mistaken Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement
#67 Murder Scene Exception
#68 Crime Scene Exception
SECTION VIII: Traffic Stops and Encounters
#69 Legal Basis for Traffic Stops
#70 Know Your State’s Traffic Laws
#71 Ordering the Driver Out of the Vehicle
#72 Ordering Passengers Out of the Vehicle
#73 You Are Not Free to Leave
#74 Whose Contraband is This
#75 Pre-Textual Stops
#76 Random License Plate Queries
#77 Stop and Identify Statutes
#78 Unprovoked Flight
SECTION IX: Checkpoints and Roadblocks
#79 Police Checkpoints
#80 Police Roadblocks
SECTION X: Technology and the 4th Amendment
#81 Visual Aids (Binoculars, etc.)
#82 Other Technologies
SECTION XI: Cellular/Mobile Devices
#83 Cell Provider Supplied Phone Data
#84 Cell Phone Memory Data
SECTION XII: Aviation
#85 Planes, Helicopters, and Drones
SECTION XIII: Body Privacy Issues
#86 Body Searches
#87 Strip Searches
#88 Cavity Searches
#89 Warrantless Chemical Tests
#90 Warrantless Test Results
SECTION XIV: K9 Searches & Seizures
#91 K9 Searches
#92 K9 Seizures
SECTION XV: National Security
#93 National Security Letters
#94 FISA Warrants
SECTION XVI: Hotel Rooms and Rental Cars
#95 Hotel Rooms
#96 Rental Cars
SECTION XVII: Miscellaneous Issues
#97 State Action Doctrine
#98 Anonymous Tips and Informants
#99 School Searches
SECTION XVIII: Bonus
#100 Level of Proof Chart
Epilogue
Index
