Criminal Procedure expert Larry E. Holtz, Esq., presents a new and innovative approach to the study of modern constitutional criminal procedure. In this comprehensive volume, the classical and current United States Supreme Court and federal circuit court decisions are presented and explored in a distinctive Question – Answer – Rationale format, through which Mr. Holtz removes the guesswork in, and tedious search for, “today’s law.” He also has noted those specific areas of state court departure, wherein many state courts, through the process of what is sometimes called “New Federalism,” rely on their own constitutions to provide state citizens with added protection to their rights and liberties. This is an officer’s, attorney’s or law/criminal justice student’s or professor’s one-stop reference for the Laws of Arrest, Search and Seizure, Confession Law, and Eyewitness Identification.
Criminal Procedure for Law and Justice Professionals - 19th Edition (2022)
This timely resource is pertinent to anyone involved with criminal procedure, including criminal justice practitioners, law enforcement officials, college professors, and students.
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE ..................................................................................................... iii
ABOUT THE AUTHOR ................................................................................. v
HOLTZ LEARNING CENTERS ................................................................... vi
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS ........................................................................ ix
DETAILED ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS ................................................. xiii
READING GUIDE ................................................................................... xxxix
PART I
ARREST, SEARCH AND SEIZURE
CHAPTER 1. ARREST .................................................................... 1
Section
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................ 1
1.2 Probable cause requirement ............................................ 13
1.3 Arrest with warrant ......................................................... 31
1.4 Arrest without warrant .................................................... 38
1.5 Entry of a dwelling to effect an arrest ............................. 49
1.6 Use of force to effect arrest............................................... 71
1.7 Substantive and procedural due process of law .............. 96
(a) Substantive due process ....................................... 97
(b) Procedural due process ....................................... 104
CHAPTER 2. SEARCH WARRANTS ........................................ 109
2.1 Introduction: The written warrant requirement .......... 109
2.2 Judicial requirements..................................................... 113
(a) The neutral and detached magistrate ............... 116
(b) The Oath or affirmation ..................................... 119
2.3 The probable cause requirement ................................... 120
(a) Sources of information ........................................ 120
(b) The totality-of-the&45circumstances test ............... 125
(c) Staleness .............................................................. 140
(d) Anticipatory search warrants............................. 143
(e) Attacking the sufficiency or integrity
of the affidavit ..................................................... 148
2.4 The particularity requirement ....................................... 154
(a) The places to be searched ................................... 155
(b) The things to be seized ....................................... 164
Summary of Contents
2.5 Warrant execution .......................................................... 170
(a) Time ..................................................................... 172
(b) Entry .................................................................... 172
(c) Scope of the search .............................................. 190
(d) Search warrant return ........................................ 217
2.6 Telephonic search warrants ........................................... 219
CHAPTER 3. EXCEPTIONS TO THE WRITTEN
WARRANT REQUIREMENT ......................... 227
3.1 Introduction .................................................................... 227
3.2 Search incident to a lawful arrest ................................. 228
(a) The person of the arrestee and the area
within his immediate control ............................. 228
(b) Motor vehicle searches incident to arrest .......... 261
3.3 Exigent circumstances.................................................... 270
(a) Easily lost or destroyed evidence ....................... 291
(b) Dangerous weapons or instrumentalities .......... 313
functions .............................................................. 317
3.4 Impounded vehicles and inventory searches ................ 321
3.5 Motor vehicles: The "automobile exception" ................. 329
3.6 Consent ............................................................................ 369
(a) Introduction ......................................................... 369
(b) Voluntariness ...................................................... 372
(c) Third parties: Common and apparent
authority .............................................................. 383
(d) Scope of consent .................................................. 407
CHAPTER 4. PRIVACY EXPECTATIONS: THE
LIMITS OF CONSTITUTIONAL
PROTECTION ................................................... 419
4.1 Privacy expectations ....................................................... 419
4.2 Open fields ...................................................................... 449
4.3 Plain view ........................................................................ 456
4.4 Abandonment .................................................................. 490
CHAPTER 5. NON-GOVERNMENTAL SEARCHES ............. 503
5.1 Cases and materials ....................................................... 503
CHAPTER 6. REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE
SEARCHES; BORDER SEARCHES ............. 515
6.1 Regulatory and administrative searches ...................... 515
6.2 Border searches .............................................................. 549
Summary of Contents
CHAPTER 7. FIRE SCENES ...................................................... 555
7.1 The warrant requirement and fire-scene entries ......... 555
7.2 Warrantless entries at the scene of a fire ..................... 563
CHAPTER 8. INVESTIGATIVE DETENTIONS;
STOP AND FRISK ............................................ 567
8.1 Introduction .................................................................... 567
8.2 Investigative detentions of persons ............................... 570
(a) The point at which a "seizure" occurs ................ 570
(b) The "Terry stop" .................................................. 592
(c) Transporting suspects......................................... 609
(d) The "Terry frisk" .................................................. 615
8.3 Investigative detentions of vehicles............................... 639
(a) Introduction ......................................................... 639
(b) Roadblocks/highway checkpoints ....................... 647
(c) Motor vehicle stops and the "reasonable
articulable suspicion" requirement .................... 660
(d) Removing drivers or passengers from
the motor vehicle ................................................ 680
(e) The "Terry frisk" of the vehicle’s passenger
compartment ....................................................... 693
8.4 Investigative detentions of property.............................. 698
CHAPTER 9. THE INDEPENDENT SOURCE
DOCTRINE AND THE INEVITABLE
DISCOVERY RULE ......................................... 719
9.1 Cases and materials ....................................................... 719
CHAPTER 10. GOOD FAITH AND THE
EXCLUSIONARY RULE ................................. 725
10.1 Cases and materials ....................................................... 725
PART II
INTERVIEWS AND CONFESSIONS;
EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION; AND
THE SIXTH AMENDMENT RIGHTS TO
COUNSEL AND CONFRONTATION
CHAPTER 11. INTERVIEWS; CONFESSIONS; AND
MIRANDA .......................................................... 745
11.1 Introduction .................................................................... 745
11.2 Interviews and confessions ............................................ 749
Summary of Contents
(a) Preliminary issues .............................................. 750
(b) What constitutes custody? .................................. 751
(c) What constitutes interrogation? ........................ 760
11.3 Miranda ........................................................................... 781
(a) Administration; when to advise ......................... 781
(b) Miranda and motor vehicle offenses .................. 794
(c) Public safety exception ....................................... 807
(d) Impeachment exception ...................................... 809
11.4 Events surrounding the interrogation process ............. 812
(a) Invocation of rights ............................................. 812
(1) The right to remain silent ......................... 813
(2) The right to counsel ................................... 817
(b) Waiver of rights ................................................... 849
(1) Illegal detention ......................................... 874
(2) Outside influences ..................................... 882
CHAPTER 12. EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION................... 893
12.1 Introduction .................................................................... 893
12.2 Preliminary issues .......................................................... 895
12.3 Showups and lineups ...................................................... 899
(a) Showups ............................................................... 899
(b) Lineups ................................................................ 905
12.4 Photo arrays .................................................................... 915
PART III
ADDENDA
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES ......................... 929
CURRENT JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT
OF THE UNITED STATES .............................................................. 947
GLOSSARY OF TERMS FREQUENTLY USED IN
CASE LAW ANALYSIS .................................................................... 949
TABLE OF CASES................................................................................... 957
INDEX ........................................................................................................ 997