Illinois Search & Seizure Survival Guide: 2023-2024 Edition

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CURRENT EDITION 2023-2024 Edition
VOLUMES 1
PAGES 298
AUTHOR Anthony Bandiero
ESTIMATED NEXT EDITION DATE May 31, 2024
LAST RELEASE DATE June 6, 2023
Illinois Search & Seizure Survival Guide: 2023-2024 Edition

In stock

$27.95

This book includes important concepts every law enforcement officer should know about search and seizure law in the State of Illinois. The book is organized as a field guide, with case examples, and legal standards and elements set forth in checklists.

The Fourth Amendment only prohibits one type of search or seizure, the unreasonable one. Therefore, if you’re being “reasonable,” you’re being lawful. Yet, what does it mean to be reasonable? Ask most officers if they are “reasonable” and the replies will assuredly be a resounding “yes.”

So why do we need this book? Because courts do not determine the constitutionality of a search or seizure issue on what officers think. Instead, the courts want officers to articulate certain key factors depending on what type of intrusion took place. When those factors have been satisfied the courts more often than not find the intrusion to be reasonable under the Fourth Amendment.

This book explains what those factors are. It’s written in a checklist type format and officers around the country have expressed their appreciation for its down-to-earth writing style and easy-to-apply format. Use this book as a training tool. Or reference it while writing your report. And remember, the most important report writing tool is articulation. Articulate, articulate, articulate these factors and others you think are important. That’s how you win trials and avoid needless suppression hearings.”

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.  LET'S START WITH THE BASICS
   1.1 Fourth Amendment 
   1.1.1 Illinois Constitution Art. I, Sec. 6 
   1.2 Fifth Amendment
   1.3 Three Golden Rules of Search & Seizure 
   1.4 The Right ‘To be Left Alone’ 
   1.5 Decision Sequencing 
   1.6 C.R.E.W. 
   1.7 Fourth Amendment Reasonableness 
   1.8 Private Searches 
   1.9  “Hunches” Defined 
   1.10  Reasonable Suspicion Defined 
   1.11  Probable Cause Defined 
   1.12 Collective Knowledge Doctrine 
   1.13  What is a “Search”  Under the Fourth Amendment? 
   1.14  What is a “Seizure”  Under the Fourth Amendment? 
2.  CONSENSUAL ENCOUNTERS
   2.1 Consensual Encounters 
   2.2 Knock and Talks 
   2.3 Investigative Activities During Consensual Encounter 
   2.4  Asking for Identification 
   2.5  Removing Hands from Pockets 
   2.6 Transporting to Police Station 
   2.7 Consent to Search 
   2.8 Third- Party Consent 
   2.9 Mistaken Authority to Consent 
3. Investigative Detentions
   3.1  Specific  Factors to Consider 
   3.2 Detaining a Suspect 
   3.3  Officer Safety Detentions 
   3.4 Detaining Victims or Witnesses 
   3.5  How Long Can Detentions Last? 
   3.6 Investigative Techniques During a Stop 
   3.7  Identifications - in the Field 
   3.8 Unprovoked Flight 
   3.9 Detentions Based on an Anonymous Tip 
   3.10  Handcuffing and Use of Force 
   3.11 Pat Down for Weapons 
   3.12 Pat Down Based on Anonymous Tips 
   3.13 Plain Touch Doctrine 
   3.14 Involuntary Transportation 
   3.15  Detaining  People Who Publicly Record Police Officers 
4. ARREST 
   4.1 Lawful Arrest 
   4.2  Entry into Home with Arrest Warrant
   4.3 Warrantless Entry to Make Arrest 
   4.4 Collective Knowledge Doctrine 
   4.5  Meaning of “Committed in the Officer’s Presence?” 
   4.6 Line- Ups 
   4.7 Protective Sweeps 
   4.8  When to “Unarrest” a Suspect 
   4.9  “Contempt of Cop” Arrests 
   4.10 Arrests at Public Protests 
   4.11 Search Incident to Arrest 
   4.12 Search Prior to Formal Arrest 
   4.13  Search Incident to a “Temporary” Arrest 
   4.14 Attempt to Swallow Drugs 
   4.15 DUI Breath Tests 
   4.16 DUI Blood Tests 
   4.17 Searching Vehicle Incident to Arrest 
5.  VEHICLES
   5.1 General Rule 
   5.2 Scope of Stop Similar to an Investigative Detention 
   5.3 Community Caretaking Stops
   5.4 Reasonable Suspicion Stops 
   5.5 Stops to Verify Temporary Registration 
   5.6 DUI Checkpoints 
   5.7 Information Gathering Checkpoints 
   5.8  Legal Considerations for Any Checkpoint
   5.9 Ordering Passengers to Stay in, or Exit Vehicle 
   5.10 Detaining a Recent Vehicle Occupant 
   5.11 Consent to Search a Vehicle 
   5.12 Searching Vehicle and Occupants for Weapons 
   5.13 Frisking People Who Ride in Police Vehicle 
   5.14 K9 Sniff Around Vehicle
   5.15 Searching Vehicle Incident to Arrest 
   5.16 Searching Vehicle with Probable Cause 
   5.17 Dangerous Items Left in Vehicle
   5.18 Inventories 
   5.19 Identifying Passengers
   5.20 Unrelated Questioning 
   5.21 Constructive Possession 
6. HOMES OVERVIEW AND STANDING
   6.1 Warrant Requirement 
   6.2   Hotel Rooms, Tents, and RVs 
   6.3 Knock and Talks 
   6.4 Open Fields
   6.5 Curtilage 
   6.6  Plain View, Hearing, Smell 
   6.7 Trash Searches 
   6.8 Consent to Search by Co- Occupants 
   6.9 Parental Consent to Search Child’s Room 
   6.10 Mistaken Authority to Consent 
   6.11 Protective Sweeps 
   6.12  Hot Pursuit and Fresh Pursuit 
   6.13 Warrantless Arrest at Doorway 
   6.14 Warrantless Entry to Make Arrest
   6.15 Warrantless Entry for an Emergency
   6.16  Warrantless Entry for Officer Safety 
   6.17 Warrantless Entry to Investigate Child Abuse 
   6.18 Warrantless Entry to Protect Property 
   6.19  Warrantless Entry to Investigate Hom i cide Crime 
   6.20 Warrantless Entry to Prevent Destruction of Evidence 
   6.21  Warrantless Entry Based on “Ruse” or Lie 
   6.22  Using Ruses to Get Occupants to Leave Home 
   6.23  Impounding a Home in Anticipation of a Warrant 
   6.24 Surround and Call- Out 
7. BUSINESSES AND SCHOOLS
   7.1 Warrantless Arrest Inside Business
   7.2 Customer Business Records 
   7.3  Heavi ly Regulated Businesses
   7.4  Fire, Health, and Safety Inspections 
   7.5 Government Workplace Searches 
   7.6 School Searches 
   7.7 Student Drug Testing 
   7.8 SROs, Security Guards, and Administrators
   7.9 Use of Force Against Students 
8. PERSONAL PROPERTY
   8.1 Searching Containers 
   8.2 Single Purpose Container Doctrine 
   8.3 Searching Abandoned or Lost Property 
   8.4 Searching Mail or Packages 
9. ELECTRONIC SEARCHES
   9.1 Sensory Enhancements 
   9.2 Flashlights 
   9.3 Binoculars 
   9.4 Night Vision Goggles 
   9.5 Thermal Imaging 
   9.6 Cell Phones, Laptops, and Tablets 
   9.7 Cell Phone Location Records 
   9.8 Aerial Surveillance 
   9.9 Drones 
   9.10 Pole Cameras 
   9.11 Automatic License Plate Readers 
   9.12 GPS Devices 
   9.13 Obtaining Passwords 
10. MISCELLANEOUS SEARCH & SEIZURE
   10.1 Cause- of- Injury Searches 
   10.2 Medical Procedures 
   10.3 Discarded DNA 
   10.4 Fingernail Scrapes 
   10.5 Arson Investigations 
   10.6 Airport & Other Administrative Checkpoints 
   10.7 Border Searches 
   10.8 Probationer & Parolee Searches 
11. SEARCH WARRANTS
   11.1 Overview 
   11.2  Why Get a Warrant, Even if You  Don’t Need to? 
   11.3 Particularity Requirement 
   11.4 Anticipatory Search Warrant 
   11.5  Confidential In for mants 
   11.6  Sealing Affidavits 
   11.7 Knock and Announce 
   11.8 Detaining Occupants Inside and in Immediate Vicinity 
   11.9 Frisking Occupants 
   11.10  Handcuffing Occupants 
   11.11 Serving Arrest Warrant at Residence 
   11.12 Wrong Address Liability 
   11.13 Receipt, Return, and Inventory 
12. USE OF FORCE
   12.1 Non- Deadly Force 
   12.2 Use of Force to Prevent Escape 
   12.3 Deadly Force During Vehicle Pursuit 
   12.4  Improper Handcuffing 
   12.5 Pointing Gun at Suspect 
   12.6 Using Patrol (i.e., Bite) Dogs 
   12.7  Hog/Hobble Tie 
13. INTERVIEW AND INTERROGATION
   13.1 When Miranda is Required 
   13.2 Miranda Elements
   13.3  Coercive Influences and De Facto Arrests 
   13.4 Miranda Inside Jail and Prison 
   13.5 Miranda for Juveniles 
   13.6 Witnesses and Victims 
   13.7 Invocation Prior to Interrogation 
   13.8 Ambiguous Invocations 
   13.9  Suspect Invoked, Now What? 
   13.10 Suspect Invoked, Now Wants to Talk 
   13.11 Intentional Versus Accidental Miranda Violations 
   13.12 When to Provide Miranda Again 
   13.13 Public Safety Exception 
   13.14 Routine Booking Questions 
   13.15 Evidence Discovered  after Miranda Violation 
14. LAW ENFORCEMENTABILITY
   14.1 Exclusionary Rule 
   14.2 Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule 
   14.3 Fruit of the Poisonous Tree 
   14.4 Standing to Object 
   14.5 Good Faith Exception 
   14.6 Attenuation 
   14.7 Inevitable or Independent Discovery
   14.8 Duty to Protect 
   14.9 Duty to Intervene 
   14.10 Supervisor Liability 
   14.11 Unequal Enforcement of the Law 
   14.12  Be hav ior that “Shocks the Conscious” 
   14.13 Deliberate Indifference 
   14.14 Sharing Crime Scene Photos on Social Media 
   14.15  Section 1983 Civil Rights Violations 
   14.16  Section 242 Criminal Charges 
   14.17  Bringing Non- Essential Personnel Into the Home
   14.18  Qualified Immunity 
15.  LEGAL CHECKLISTS
   15.1 Consensual Encounters 
      15.1.1 Generally 
      15.1.2 Knock and Talks 
      15.1.3 Investigative Activities During Consensual Encounter  
      15.1.4  Asking for Identification 
      15.1.5  Removing Hands from Pockets 
      15.1.6 Transporting to Police Station 
      15.1.7 Consent to Search 
      15.1.8 Third- Party Consent
      15.1.9 Articulating Greater Authority 
      15.1.10 Mistaken Authority to Consent 
   15.2 Investigative Detentions 
      15.2.1  Reasonable Suspicion Defined
      15.2.2 Detaining a Suspect 
      15.2.3 Duration of Detentions 
      15.2.4 Investigative Techniques 
      15.2.5  Identifications in the Field 
      15.2.6 Unprovoked Flight 
      15.2.7 Detentions Based on Anonymous Tip 
      15.2.8  Handcuffing and Use of Force 
      15.2.9 Detaining Victims or Witnesses
      15.2.10 Pat Down for Weapons 
      15.2.11 Pat Down Based on Anonymous Tip 
      15.2.12 Plain Touch Doctrine
      15.2.13 Involuntary Transportation 
   15.3 Arrests 
      15.3.1  Entry into Home with Arrest Warrant 
      15.3.2 Warrantless Entry to Make Arrest 
      15.3.3 Private Searches 
      15.3.4 Collective Knowledge Doctrine 
      15.3.5  Meaning of “Committed in the Officer’s Presence?” 
      15.3.6  Identifications 
      15.3.7 Protective Sweeps 
      15.3.8 When to Unarrest a Suspect 
      15.3.9 Attempt to Swallow Drugs 
   15.4 Vehicles 
      15.4.1 Community Caretaking Stops 
      15.4.2 Reasonable Suspicion Stops 
      15.4.3 Controlling Passengers 
      15.4.4 Consent to Search Vehicle 
      15.4.5 Searching Vehicle and Occupants for Weapons
      15.4.6 K9 Sniff Around Vehicle 
      15.4.7 Searching Vehicle Incident to Arrest 
      15.4.8 Searching Vehicle with Probable Cause 
      15.4.9 Inventories 
      15.4.10 Constructive Possession 
   15.5  Homes 
      15.5.1 Knock and Talks 
      15.5.2 Curtilage 
      15.5.3  Plain View, Hearing, Smell 
      15.5.4 Consent to Search by Co- Occupants 
      15.5.5 Protective Sweeps 
      15.5.6 Warrantless Entry for Emergency 
      15.5.7 Warrantless Entry to Prevent the Destruction of Evidence 
      15.5.8  Impounding a Home in Anticipation of Warrant 
   15.6 Personal Property 
      15.6.1 Searching Containers 
      15.6.2 Searching Abandoned or Lost Property 
   15.7 Interview & Interrogation 
      15.7.1 When Miranda is Required 
      15.7.2 Miranda Elements 
      15.7.3 Miranda inside Jail and Prison 
      15.7.4 Ambiguous Invocations 
      15.7.5  Suspect Invoked, Now What? 
      15.7.6 Suspect Invoked, Now Wants to Talk 
      15.7.7 Public Safety Exception 
INDEX
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